Double wall structure



May 14, 1935. w. -w. SMITH DOUBLE WALL STRUQTURE Filed Jail. 29, 1934" '5 Sheets-Shag; 1

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Filed Jan. 29, 1934 5 Sheefs-Sheet 2 IIIIIILI'II II IIIIIIILI'I' y 1935. w. w. SMITH 2,001,473

DOUBLE WALL STRUCTURE Filed Jan. 29, 1934 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 1% y; I k 5\V/\M 25M 60 q nm ,4: W

May 14, 1935. w. w. SMITH DOUBLE WALL STRUCTURE Filed Jan. 29, 1954 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 May 14, 1935. w. w. SMITH DOUBLE WALL STRUCTURE 5 SBeets-She et 5 Filed. Jan. 29, 1934 Mgwwyza Patented May 14, 1935 7, DOUBLE WALL STRUCTURE' Wallace W. Smith, Chicago, Ill., assignor to Inland Stcel Company, Chicago, Ill.,

tion of Delaware 31 corpora- Application January 29, 1934QSerial No. 108,904

' Claims.

My invention relates generally to structures;

more especially piling structures, formed of spaced apart walls with interposed filling, and particularly to such structures of the cellular type each 5 wall'of which'is formed of a series of outwardly bowed arcuate sections, the'invention having utility not only in temporary structures, such as for example coilerdams, but also in permanent structures, such as for example sea walls or in breakwaters, or retaining walls to form docks or hold back the shore line againstthe action of waves.

' Structures of the kind above referred to require at intervals along their spaced apart walls,.

stall and require the filling to be applied to both,

sides of the tension elements before completing the filling ofeither compartment, or cell of which it formsv a wall.

My object is to provide a structure of the double wall cellular arcuate-section type which shall present the advantages of such structures as hitherto provided without their objections; may

be constructed and installed relatively eco-- nomically; shall not require the use of divers and shall afford communication between adjacent compartments or cells thereby permitting ofthe dumping oi. the filling into the space between the walls by progressively full-filling adjacent compartments or cells, as distinguished from a filling procedure involving the successive partial filling of adjacent compartments or cells before either may be completely filled. I

Referring to the accompanying drawings:

Figure 1 is an enlarged plan view of one of the similar ends of a cofierdam embodying my invention.

Figure 2 is an enlarged broken plan view of a portion. of the structure shown in Fig. 1.

Figure 3 is an enlarged plan view illustrating the construction at each portion of the structure thereof equipped with a tension-frame structure in accordance with my invention.

Figure 4 is a face view of the upper end of one of the similar sheet metal piles of which the wall structure of the cofierdam is built.

Figure 5 is an enlarged sectiontaken at the line 5-5 on Fig. 1 and viewed in the direction of the arrows.

Figure 6 is an enlarged broken sectional view taken at the line t on Fig. 5 and viewed in the direction of the arrow.

Figure '7 is a view like Fig. 1 of amodification of the wall structure of the preceding figures.

Figure 8 is an enlarged broken plan view showing the construction at each of the tension frames connecting the walls of the structure of Fig. 7.

Figure 9 is a broken plan view of the end of the structure shown in .Fig. 7.

Figure 10 is an enlarged section taken at the line Iii-Ill on Fig.7 and viewed in the direction of the arrows.

Figure 11 is a face view of one of the similar frames forming parts of the walls of the struc- 2o ture of Fig. 7.

Figure 12 is an enlarged plan view showing a' modification of the structure shown in Figs. 8 to 11, inclusive.

Figure 13 is a face view of a modification oi as the tension element of the structures shown in Figs. 1 to 11, inclusive.

Figure 14 is an enlarged sectional view of the tension element of Fig. 13, the section being taken at the line i l-443 on Fig. 13 and viewed so in the direction oi the arrows.

Figure 15 is an enlarged plan view showing a detail of the construction common to the structures shown in Figs. 1 to 11, inclusive.

Figure-16 is a view like Fig. 5 of a modification 35 of the structure of the preceding figures.

Figure 17 is a broken plan view or a portion of the structure of Fig. 16; and

Figure 18, a broken view in side elevation of the portion of the structure shown in Fig. 17.

' Referring to Figs. 1 to 6, inclusive, 2i represents one of the similar shore ends of a bow-shaped cofferdam installed in place adjacent the shore line of a bodyof water, as for. example a river, and extending from the shore line into the water do and embracing th e area from which the water is to be excluded, as for example for the building of a bridge abutment.

The cofierdam is shown as formed of inner and outer walls 22 and 23, respectively, extend- 50 ing continuously along the lengthof that part of thestructure which is submerged and each formed of edge-interlocking sheet metal piling sections driven into the ground and tied together at intervals as hereinafter described to restrict the outward deformation of the walls under the. pressure of filling, such as sand, dirt, or other suitable material, filled into the space between.

these walls, as for example to the elevation indicated at 24.

The piling sections forming the walls 22 and 23 are placed .and driven in such arrangement as shown as to cause each wall throughout its length to comprise a series of outwardly bowed arcuate sections, the adjacent ends of which are connected with the means hereinafter described for tying the walls 22 and 23 together at inter vals.

At the ends of the coiferdam the inner and outer walls 22 and 23 may be connected together as shown to render these walls continuous as shown in Fig. 1 and each end of the wall structure thus provided connects with a single wall 25, shown as of sheet piling, which is carried up onto the shore and driven into the ground to prevent flow of water around the ends of the cofierdam and into the area to be rendered free of water.

extend adjacent the outer edges of the single wall portions 25 represented at 29 of the end shown in Fig. 1, are of general Y-shape in cross section presenting three flanges 36, 3| and 32. The outer edges of the flanges 36, 3| and 32 have thumb and finger projections as in the case of the piling sections 26 the sections 29 slidingly interlocking at the projections on their flanges 30 and 3| with the projections on the adjacent ones of the piling sections 26 and at the projections on their flanges 32 with the adjacent thumb and finger projections on the walls 25.

The walls 22 and 23 are connected together at the ends of their arcuate sections by transversely disposed tension means hereinafter described, the

sheet piling sections of these walls at the location of the tension means and represented at 33 being shown as of a construction different from the sections 26 in that they are of general Y-shape in cross section the head portions 34 of which, and provided with thumb. and finger projections 35 and 36 as in the case of the other piling sections,

- being interlockingly connected with the adjacent edges of the wall sections formed of the piling sections 26 and thus constituting portions of these walls. The outer edge of the other portion 31 of each of the piling sections 33 is also provided with thumb and finger projections 38 and tions 33 by sliding them at their thumb and finger projections along the thumb and finger projections on the portions 31 of these piling sections with which the bars 40 become interlockingly engaged to prevent relativelateral movement.

, Each frame also comprises upper, lower and intermediate pairs 43, 44 and 45, respectively, of angle irons, which are rigidly connected at their ends with the uprights 40, the structure thus provided preferably being trussed by the bars represented at 46 and secured to the several pairs of angle irons. At the lower ends of the uprights 46 are angle iron sections 41 which form shoes at which the frames may rest on the earth beneath them.

In the particular construction shown tie rods 46 each formed of sections connected together by a turn buckle 49 and extending from one wall to the other are provided at intervals along the cofierdam in substantially vertical alinement 22 and 23 is shown more clearly in Fig. wherein the ends of the rods 46 extend through theholes. in the upper portion of the sections 34 and in the adjacent parts of the angle iron 34.

Where the height of the walls is such that a single one of the crosswise extending tension frames of a size within commercial expediency, is not suflicient to form the sole tying means between the walls, tie rods such as those above referred to and shown at 48 would be provided as above described, and where the walls are especially deep a plurality of the frames placed edgewise one upon the other, with a tie rod 46 above the upper one if necessary, would be employed.

In the building of the'cofl'erdam the part of one of the walls 22 and 23 up to and including one of the sections 33 is built by driving the piling sections 26 forming it, preferably before the opposite section 33 of the other wall, and possibly in some tension frames is then lowered on the driven section 33, the adjacent thumb and finger projections at one edge of the frame sliding into interfitting relation to the similar projections on this section 33 as shown. The opposing portion of such other wall is then completed by alining the piling section 33 at certain of the thumb and finger projections thereon with the projections on the terminal one of the sections 26 and-with the projections on the adjacent outer end'of the tension frame and, in case the terminal one of the sections 26 has not been driven, the same alined at the thumb and finger projections on its remote edge with the thumb and finger projections on the next to the last one of the sections 26, and such of these sections as not yet installed, driven to place.

The assembling of the tension frame with one portion of one wall before the opposed portion of the other wall has been built up to, or near, the point at which the tension frame is to be connectedtherewith, and the completion thereafter of this other opposed wall portion is of great practicaladvantage as it enables proper connection to be made between the outer swinging end of the frame and the adjacent last finished wall portion regardless of variations in the location of the terminal one of the piling sections 26, this being possible because of the adjustability of the frame for the swinging movement and the fact that the section 33, as also the sections 26, have the capacity of interlocking with the adjacent piling sections and the tension frame, in various positions of the frame relative to the end ones of the series of piling sections 26 of this last finished opposed wall portion.

Referring to Figs. 7-11, inclusive, the construction therein shown is the same as that disclosed in the preceding figures except as to the construction of the spaced apart walls of the cofierdam which,'in this case, are composed of piling sections, as for example of wood, and a backing structure therefor comprising backing frames and connecting piling sections therefor to which the tension frames are connected.

The piling sections of this particular construction and forming the walls of the cofl'erdam and represented at 50 and 5|, are indicated at 52, these piling sections being driven to place as in the case of the piling sections 'of the construction of the preceding figures.

The backing frames for the piling sections 52 are represented at 53 and are positioned against the outer faces-of the groups of piling sections 52 to which the latter are connected in any suitable way.

Each frame 53 is shown as comprising upright end bars 54, a vertical series of substantially horizontal angle irons 55 connected at their ends with the bars 54 and truss bars 56 connected with the angle irons 55for trussing the frame, the terminaledges of the bars 54 being inturned as represented at 51 and terminating in thumb and finger interlocking projections as described of the. slidingly interlocking parts of theconstruction of the preceding figures.

The piling sections 52 of each wall 58 and SI are spaced apart at intervals as shown adjacent the ends of the frames 53 and the wall rendered continuous at these spaces by the bars 55 of the frames and by bars 58 of the same construction as the bars 8% which are slidingly interlocked with the edges of the bars 58 as shown and similarly interlocked with the ends of the tension frames represented at 59 and shown as of the same construction as the tension frames of Figs. 1 to 6 and arranged at intervals along the walls and extending crosswise thereof.

The single walls of piling at the terminals of the cofierdam and represented of the one end thereof at w, are of the same'construction as'the walls 25, being connected with the ends of the body of the cofierdam by metal piling sections ti which complete the closure of these ends and are oi the same construction as the corresponding piling sections 29 of the preceding figures.

The manner of building the cofierdam of this particular construction is similar to that of the preceding figures, the backing frames 53 being first lowered into place and the-sections of the wall formed of the piling sections 52 which they are to back, then driven to place, the adaptability of the tension frames Edi for swinging movement and the provision of the Y-bars, permitting of the readyjoining of the swingable ends of the tension frames with the adjacent wall structure as explained of the construction of the preceding figures. I

In the modification shown in Fig. 12 the frames 53 instead of being directly connectedat their bar portions 51 with the piling section 58 as in the case of the construction shown in Figs. 7 to 11, inclusive, are'ccnnected thereto by means of interposed piling sections t2 shown asof the same form as the piling sections 26 and slidingly interlocked at their edges with the bar portions 51 and the piling section 583.v

Figures 13 and 14 illustrate a modification of the tension frame represented at 43 in Fig. 5. The frame of Figs. 13 and 14 comprisesuprights 63 at its ends and of the same construction as the uprights 40, connected together by upper and lower pairs 64 and 65, respectively, of angle irons and intermediate angle irons 66, 51, 68 and 69 locatedat opposite sides of the uprights 63 and disposed in staggered arrangement as shown, the frame structure thus provided being shown as braced by tension bars 10 located between the bars of the pairs 64 and thereof and between the intermediate bars 6669, the bars Ill, if desired, bein welded to these intermediate bars.

The lower ends of the uprights 63 preferably of widened form, as represented at 63, extend downwardly below the lower bar 55, and in the installing of this particular frame these depending portions 63 are driven into the ground whereby should the ground at the outer faces of the wall become displaced, as by scouring, the

stresses exerted by the fill, will be carried by these depending portions 63 to the frame of which they are a part, the lower bar 65 of which would extend against, or close to the ground, and in such position cooperate. to the best advantage, with the depending portions 63, in resisting stresses.

Figures 16, 1'7 and 18 illustrate a construction of cofierdam involving a modification of the tension elements connecting together the spaced apart piling walls at intervals. In this construction instead of providing these elements as rigid frames as described of the constructions of the preceding figures, they are provided in the form of rods either stiii, or flexible as in the case of cables, extending from one wall to the other and located at-points along the wall as described of the frames at.

The spaced apart walls formed of piling sections are represented at H and i2 and the tension elements, shown as cables,at Ed-these cables being shown as extending diagonally upward from 1 'viding bars of either the form of bars 38 or he as of the construction of the preceding figures oi the drawings, the bars represented at it are provided these bars being shown as of general V-' shape having thumb and finger projections along their outer edges which slidingly interlock with the piling sections forming the major portion of the walls H and i2, and at intervals along their length are provided with brackets 55 at which the ends of the tension elements F3 are connected through the medium of pins it extending through these brackets. alinement with, each group of tension elements 13, is a tension rod represented at W and corre-: sponding with the tension rod fit.

In the building of the structure shown the tension elements i3 would preferably be connected at their lower ends with the bars M before these bars have been driven to place so that the connections just referred to may be made without requiring the service of a diver, and the other ends of these elements in upwardlyextending position temporarily supported in anysuitable way until the bars it have been finally driven to place, whereupon they are connected at their upper ends to the bars Id as for example in the position shown in Fig. 16 and thus insuch positions that the services of a diver are not required, the lower ends of the elements 13 being Preferably above, and in vertical shown as pivotally connected with the bracket 15 adapting them to be swung upon the bars I4 .to the positions referred to.

While; have illustrated and described certain particular constructions constituting embodiments of my invention, I do not-wish to be understood as intending to limit it thereto as the' thereof, may be embodied in a structure in which either or both of the wall-forming portions thereof are not driven into the ground but merely rest thereonfin which case such portions would be provided as preformed units comprising coy.- erings of sheets, or bars -of wood or metaP arranged side by side, lowered, instead of driven, .to position.

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, isz

1. A structure of the character set forth, comprising walls spaced apart, and tension means for preventing spreading .of said walls comprising members located at intervals along said walls and each extending c osswise thereof from one to the other of said walls, said members having swinging connection with one of said walls, about substantially vertical axes.

2. A structure of the character set forth, comprising walls spaced apart, and tension means for preventing spreading of said walls comprising rigid members located at intervals along said walls and each extending crosswise thereof from one to the other of said walls, said members having sliding interlocking connection with said walls. c

3. A structure of the character set forth, comprising walls spaced apart, and tension means for preventing spreading of said walls comprising rigid members located at intervals along said walls and each extending crosswise thereof from one to the other of said walls, said members having sliding and swinging connection with said walls.

4. A structure of the character set forth, comprising walls spaced apart, and tension means for preventing spreading of said walls compris- "ing frame members located at intervals along said vals with sections having lateral substantially vertical flanges, and tension means for preventing spreading of said walls comprising members located at said sections and each extending crosswise of said walls from one to the other of said walls, certain of the flanges of said sections forming portions of said walls and the other flange portions thereof, and said members having relatively slidable interlocking cooperating portions whereby said means and sections are adapted to be assembled by relative longitudinal movement and in the assembled positions of said parts relative lateral movement thereof is prevented.

6. A structure of the character set forth comprising walls spaced apart and formed at intervals with sections having lateral substantially vertical flanges, and tension means for preventing spreading of said walls comprising members located at said sections and each extending crosswise of said walls fromone to the other of said walls, certain of said flanges forming portions of said walls and the other flange portions thereof and said members having relatively slidable interlocking and swingable cooperating portions whereby said means and sections are adapted to be assembled by relative longitudinal movement and in the assembled positions of said parts relative lateral movement thereof is prevented and said means are adapted to be swung on said sections of one of said walls, about substantially vertical axes.

7. A structure of the character set forth, comprising walls'spaced apart and each formed of a series of preformed frames and coverings therefor, and tension members for preventing spreading of said walls extending crosswise thereof and operatively connected at their ends with said frames.

- 8. A structure of the character set forth, comprising walls spaced apart and formed of frames and coverings therefor, and bars having flanges disposed between said frames and slidingly interlockingwith the ends of said frames, and tension members for preventing spreading of said-walls extending crosswise thereof and slidingly interlooking at their ends with said bars.

9. A structure of the character set forth, comprising walls spaced part and formed of piling sections, frames extending along said piling sections and piling sections having flanges disposed between groups of said first-named piling sections and slidingly interlocking at said flanges with the ends of said frames, and tension mem' bers for preventing spreading of said walls extendingcrosswise thereof and slidingly interlocking at their ends with said second-named piling sections. v

10. A structure of the character set forth, comprising walls spaced apart and formed of frames and coverings therefor and bars having flanges disposed between said frames and slidingly in-' terlocking with the ends of said frames, and tension means for preventing spreading of said walls extending crosswise thereof and operatively con-' nected with said walls.

- WALLACE W. SMITH. 

